About the stand-by and hibernate computers

Do you know when the computer is in a state of death, computer is still consuming electricity.

For stand-by mode consuming less than 5W power, while for hibernating around 3W. And the computer in the dead also require electrical power more or less the same (unless the cable is revoked). The advantages of stand-by or hibernate is that, when turned on the computer again, the computer will be exactly the same state as when last we left off. So if you’re opening your Microsoft word document or your application program winamp while still in a position to run, when you restart the computer it will remain open as the last in a state we live.

1. Stand By mode means that the computer is in “suspended animation”. Stand by mode can be divided into two namely:
a. S1 (computer off but the fan still running) and
b. S3 (Computers are really in circumstances such as death).
Setting S1 and S3 can be done via the BIOS. weakness  of  stand by mode is, a state of computer will be stored in RAM, so if during the stand-by mode power of the computer is lost (eg, dead lights), then the computer will die in a state without being shut down, and jobs that we still leave will also be closed as if the computer is turned off.

2. Hibernate mode, is similar to Stand By, or as in the position of the status of S3. The difference is if the power supply is in interrupted, the last settings will be remain stored on your computer. So all the jobs that has leave behind, will still remains in the final state. The consequence this mode is, we must provide a parts of hard disk space with size similar with size of installed RAM to store the state of the last computer.

Here there is a way of setting up stand-by / hibernate the computer automatically, if the computer is idle, the computer will automatically become a standby / hibernate,
1. Right click on your desktop
2. Select the Properties tab
3. Select the screen saver then click Power options
4. Please select an option according to which there is desire.
- Turn off the monitor after … minutes
- Turn off hard disk after … minutes
- Stand by after … minutes
- Hibernate after … minutes <<<only if hibernation is enabled. There is next to the tab for this setting. But remember hibernate requires hard disk space RAM size that we install>>>

if you want to try do with manual way, click turn off computer / Alt F4/. If you want the computer to hibernate, press shift key and the stand-by, but remember you must activate the hibernate settings first.

Internal factors that cause the computer to be slow

1. Many of the applications installed
If you want to install some software on your computer firstly that you should be considered is that software must be an important and necessary for you, do not install too much software that is not used. Because this will take space on the computer so the computer will eventually interfere with the work itself. If the unnecessary software already installed, you can delete them with uninstall the application from the Control Panel.

2. A lot of useless files
Perhaps this is often forgotten by many people, may people not aware of garbage files that should be discarded. The definition of junk files are: file in the Recycle Bin, cookies, history of IE, *.bak files, temporary files, etc.
When we delete files that are not used, actually the file is not automatically deleted from your hard drive, the file is actually still stored in the Recycle Bin folder, we still can retrieve the file, if we need it. You must delete the files in the Recycle Bin because of all the files are still taking the hard drive space. Make sure you have selected the files that are already not used, because when we have empty of all files in the Recycle Bin, the files will be deleted permanently and can not be recovered.

Cookies are also junk files that must be cleaned. These files will always appear when you connecting to the internet network. You can delete cookies in Internet Options on each browser (IE, Mozilla, Netscape, etc). In addition to cookies, history also affect to your computer systems. Store more history make your computer required more memory. History files will automatically appear when connecting to the internet network. Clean the history file on the Tools menu > Internet Options on each browser used.

3. Many applications that are unreadable when Start Up
If we try to install some software usually we see the application often provide choices, namely: that the application icon was added to the desktop or Quick Launch on the Taskbar. We recommend that you do not need put icon  program in the taskbar because it can be make your operating system will run slowly when you Start Up system oprating. It will take a long time to activate these programs. Indeed on the face will be easier to run these programs because living clicking on its icon in the taskbar, but actually become a burden because the computer system must provide its own memory. It will slow down computer performance. Arrange a few applications that really needed a way to change. Run from the Start menu and then select Run, type msconfig. Turn off unnecessary applications when Start Up.

4. Management System for Irregular
Computers that are often we used also need a refresher, one of way to doing this is  Scandisk and Defragment on a regular basis at least once a month. Ideally once a week, depending on the frequency of computer you use. Although something trivial, but often forgotten by many people. Run Scandisk on a regular basis to fix hard drive crashes are often caused by a sudden power failure or hang.

5. Select Performance or Appearance
For Windows XP users is recommended to user to doing this so to make your computer work faster. Indeed the appearance of Windows XP is very nice, the icons are displayed with colorful glossy effect. Please note, a nice windows interface requires no small amount of memory. So do not be surprised if that make more and more slow computer performance.

Windows XP provides two options “Adjust for Best Appearance” and “Adjust for Best”. If you choose “Adjust for Best Appearance” then the system will run with more priority to performance so that performance is more computer memory. This is an effect on computer performance. Whereas if you select “Adjust for Best Performance” system will run with more priority than the appearance of computer performance so that the view of Windows XP will appear as usual, without shadow effects or shiny as the previous version of windows.

6. Shutdown process does not match procedure
when we use the computer runs very slowly, then abruptly hangs, usually we are often directly do press the power button to restart computer because of all the keyboard keys can not respond.

Did you know when we often turn off the computer with this way, it can cause the operating system does not run normally and the hard drive was damaged (bad sectors). This will exacerbate the situation because the files exist in the system, can also can not be read again. So remember shutdown your computer with correctly.

Are Often Forgotten Ways to Taking Care your Computer

Caring for both computer software and hardware is very important we do regularly. Here are some tips to keep your computer performance:

1. Defrag your hard disk regularly.
Disk Defragmenter works to organize and sort your files by type hard drive such a way that will ease the process of read / write which causes the workload will be lighter and can extend the life of the hard disk.

To perform the Disk Defragmenter:
click the Start menu> Programs>
Accesories> System Tools> Disk Defragmenter
When running this function there can be no other programs running including screen saver because it would disrupt the function of this defrag.

2. Activate screensaver

In addition to the aesthetic character, the screensaver has another important function. CRT television also use phosphor to display images. If the monitor displays the same image for a while then there is phosphorus that burns continuously. This can lead to problems which the monitor image is dimmed / less clear. Another case, if your monitor is LCD, an LED that has been equipped with energy saving, the screensaver is not needed anymore.

To activate the screensaver can be done in many ways, usually we can change the screen saver with,  click Start> Control Panel> Display> Screensaver tab, then select according to your tastes.

3. Adequate ventilation
Place the monitor and CPU in such a way that the ventilation air to and from the monitor / CPU quite smoothly. Poor ventilation will cause overheating, so components / electronic circuit in it will become hot quickly so that it can shorten the life of the component. Therefore, make sure the distance between the monitor or CPU with a minimum of 30 cm wall. If you need to plug the fan in the room.

4. Use a UPS or Power Stabilizer.
Use a UPS for power failure to anticipate a sudden that can cause damage to the hard disk. If he had no UPS, use the Power Stabilizer to anticipate the rise and fall of electric voltage.

5. Close programs that are not useful
Each program is loaded or run requires memory (RAM) so that more programs that run more and more memory is consumed. This is in addition can cause a slow computer also gets heavier workload which can ultimately shorten the life of computer components.

6. Install an anti virus program and update regularly
To be able your Anti Virus can recognize a new virus, is very recommended to you to always make update your anti virus program regularly. If a virus already spreading in your computer some cases it can make you should be re-install your computer again, or make you lost some  important file.

7. Clean the Recycle Bin on a regular basis
Actually the files and folders that we deleted from the hard drive does not disappear because it will be accommodated in the Recycle Bin first was with the intention that someday if you still need it you can return again. Recycle Bin which has many, will take up disk space that can cause the reading of hard disk so slow. For that you need to clean up your computer Recycle Bin
You can clean up your Recycle Bin with  run Windows Explorer> click on the Recycle Bin> click File> click Empty Bin Recycle.
Or you can run the Disk Cleanup function
Click Start> Program> Accessories> System Tools> Disk Cleanup>  then select the drive you want cleaned up.

8. Active Speacker Do not place too close to the monitor
Because of the magnetic field that existed at the monitor,  speakers will affect the color of the monitor becomes uneven or mottled.

9. Uninstall or remove programs that are not useful
Too much hard drive space taken up will slow down the read / write drive so that the workload will be heavier so that the disk will be broken.

10. Clean the motherboard and other peripherals from the dust on a regular basis
At least every six months you are recommended to do this way (clean up computer). Firstly open your CPU casing and then clean the motherboard and other peripherals (RAM, Video Card, Modem, Sound Card, CDR / CDRW / DVRW, TV Tuner) with a soft brush. Close your computer when the computer is not used a computer (monitor, CPU, keyboard and mouse) with a cover, so that dust does not easily fit into a computer.

11. Connect the ground cable
If when you touch your CPU, you feel electric shocks, it means you need to make the grounding for your PC, take the cable with a length as necessary, the tip of an entity associated with the CPU (the casing) while the other is planted in the soil. This would be neutralizing the electric current should not flow to the outer (casing) so that it can make a more durable electronic components.

How The ATMs Work

These machines so really to help us when we need a cash money, and now we’ll be easy  to found these machine at most supermarkets, convenience stores and travel centers. Did you have think about the process that makes your funds available to you at an ATM on the other side of the country?

ATM is a simply a data terminal with two input and four output devices. Like any other data terminal, the ATM has to connect to, and communicate through, a host processor. The host processor is analogous to an Internet service provider (ISP) in that it is the gateway through which all the various ATM networks become available to the cardholder.

Most host processors can support either leased-line or dial-up machines. Leased-line machines connect directly to the host processor through a four-wire, point-to-point, dedicated telephone line.

Leased-line ATMs are preferred for very high-volume locations because of their thru-put capability, and dial-up ATMs are preferred for retail merchant locations where cost is a greater factor than thru-put. The initial cost for a dial-up machine is less than half that for a leased-line machine. The monthly operating costs for dial-up are only a fraction of the costs for leased-line.

The host processor may be owned by a bank or financial institution, or it may be owned by an independent service provider. Bank-owned processors normally support only bank-owned machines, whereas the independent processors support merchant-owned machines.

Settlement Funds

­When a cardholder wants to do an ATM tra­nsaction, he or she provides the necessary information by means of the card reader and keypad. The ATM forwards this information to the host processor, which routes the transaction request to the cardholder’s bank or the institution that issued the card. If the cardholder is requesting cash, the host processor causes an electronic funds transfer to take place from the customer’s bank account to the host processor’s account. Once the funds are transferred to the host processor’s bank account, the processor sends an approval code to the ATM authorizing the machine to dispense the cash. The processor then ACHs the cardholder’s funds into the merchant’s

bank account, usually the next bank business day. In this way, the merchant is reimbursed for all funds dispensed by the ATM.

Differences between Memory and Disk Space

Almost all computer users know the term Memory and Disk Space, but many of them mistakenly interpret these two terms, many of them interpreted as a long-term memory and short-term memory.

Memory or RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is known as volatile or temporary memory types. This can be used to store new information, just like you when trying to remember something for a minute.
On the computer, this is biasda happens when you save the document before closing it. When you save a document, its contents are transferred from RAM (temporary memory of the computer) into the hard disk (long-term memory of the computer). If this process is disrupted by power failure, cancellation by the user, or some other things, the contents of this document are “missing”. This is similar to what happened when we were sorting important, keeping valuable information from our short-term to long-term memories.

Disk Space is a space on your hard drive, where the applications you use on your computer is stored. When you open or run the program, this program will take from the disk into your computer RAM, and the program instructions and then run from RAM. Computers can only process the instructions in RAM. Therefore, for each program to be executed, must first be loaded from the disk into your computer’s memory. RAM is also used when we create documents and pictures or other files.

RAM is volatile memory, would “wipe out” when we turn off the computer or if there is a power failure. If the information is “erased” in RAM, this is not saved and the computer does not have a record of the existence of such information ..

Every time you type a new document, whatever you type at first stored in RAM. But, since RAM is volatile or temporary, if you want to keep what you’ve typed, you need to save your document. When you remove the Save command in your application, the information you have that type of RAM will be transferred to the hard drive and stored in a file.

As you can see, the memory (or RAM) and disk space related. They depend on each other for your computer to operate properly. When you use a computer, application and transfer of data from disk to RAM when needed. This data is then manipulated in RAM. The contents of the RAM should be kept back any changes back to the hard disk. If not, anything in RAM is not saved will be lost.

Data or files on a disk can be deleted, too. When a user “delete” a file, whether it is operating system files or files from your favorite application programs such as MS Word, iTunes, or a graphics program used to edit images, files are not really erased. Instead, your computer simply marks the space available and the program or remove material that is inaccessible to users.

When the computer needs the space program or document removed once claimed, then the space is replaced with the new information. However, if the files deleted the old space is never needed by the computer, the material remains on the hard drive. This realization has given birth to a forensic computer science as the material is obtained if you have the proper equipment and be able to access the hard drive storage space with special programs aimed to retrieve deleted files.

The World Of Advancing Computer Memory

The development of static and dynamic RAM integrated circuits followed swiftly in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Compared to the relays and vacuum tubes used for computer memory function prior to the development of the magnetic core memory models, the advancement created a more user friendly experience as well as an increase in the amount of memory a computer could be expected to produce. This precursor to the common personal computer revolutionized the technological world since it made it possible to begin to see the advantages of the computer for personal use instead of being seen and used only in business operations. The computer systems of today boast a hierarchy of memory that includes CPU registries, SRAM caches, external caches, DRAM, and swap space among others. This is often referred to as RAM, but it actually defies the original concept of true random access memory and does not hold the same intent as the original magnetic core memory from which RAM was born. The methods utilized by the pool of memory in today’s computers often sequence through various subsystems with different access times in layered sequential order to allow the illusion of instantaneous response times. Generally, the computer accesses its memory in order of speed with the slower forms of memory being the last to be drawn from when a command is given to the computer. RAM now has methods of upgrading that allow for even greater memory capacity if there is a need to change the amount of RAM a computer has based on the amount of RAM used by the operator on average, these are usually in the form of DRAM and come in the form of memory modules. A few sticks of chewing gum are comparable in size to the memory modules in terms of physical size. These modules can be replaced quickly in the case of damage or should the amount of memory need to be increased again at a later date. Small amounts of RAM, most commonly SRAM, are also found in other locations on the computer, such as the mother board or the hard drive. Developers are currently investigating the possibility of non-volatile RAM. This would be another huge step in computer memory as these new forms of RAM would allow for the preservation of data upon the loss of power. Currently, RAM is a volatile memory form and will lose information if an interruption of power occurs. Carbon nanotubes offer promising results in this field of RAM development, but no non-volatile RAM has been released for public use yet. All of the developing technologies under this direction of RAM are pre-beta stage at present. MRAM has seen some success with the release of several chips that have undergone extensive testing. The core technology of MRAM depends upon the concepts of the magnetic tunnel effect and is promising to turn the world of computer memory onto the pathway of the future as a result. In 2004, Solid state drivers became available. Bases on flash technology, these drivers have a capacity exceeding 150 GB. These drivers also have speeds that far exceed the speed of traditional disks. In short, this means that the lines between RAM and disks have blurred and there is less difference between the two in performance. With each passing year, memory capacity grows. New technologies revolutionize the way we think of computer memory and how we use that memory once it becomes available. It is expected that computer memory will only continue to increase and evolve as our world becomes more technologically advance.

Short explaining about BIOS

BIOS abbreviation for  basic input/output system, is a firmware code that a PC runs at start up to identify and initiate component hardware. This enables the PC to allow software programs to load, execute, and run for user use. More commonly known as booting up, BIOS simply enables a computer to work for the user in a capacity that is expected. It is referred to as memory only because it usually resides embedded within chips which use ROM as a main memory function. Part of the non-volatile memory formats, BIOS is not lost due to power loss or shut down.

In the beginning, BIOS chips could not be altered because of their placement on ROM and PROM memory. Then, the BIOS moved to EEPROM and flash, giving it more functionality than had been previously seen. The EEPROM gave the user the ability to easily change and update the BIOS. Manufactures issued updates to help users improve compatibility and remove bugs that were often troublesome to the applications in question concerning the BIOS in the same manner that updates are offered for many applications and hardware components of a PC. Since the issuance of these updates ran the risk of destroying a computer if the updates were interrupted by the user or otherwise, manufacturers altered the BIOS to include a block that must run separately and be upgraded before the rest of the blocks. This fix seems to have reduced the risk to computers while upgrading BIOS nicely.

As BIOS is flash-based, it shares the same risks that other flash-based memory experiences. Flash can only be rewritten a finite number of times before becoming unusable. Flash-burn viruses that occur after too many rewrites on the flash device will result in permanent corruption and the BIOS will be unable to be salvaged. The only true way to avoid having this happen is to replace the flash driven BIOS with a ROM based BIOS.

While some older, less sophisticated operating systems accessed the BIOS chips within the personal computer directly, more advanced systems access the BIOS indirectly. The main reason is that it is inefficient with today’s more complex and faster technologies. Accessing the BIOS directly can seriously delay speeds which are valued in today’s business and personal worlds.

If a process in the boot series of execution occurs from BIOS due to a forgotten disk in left in the hard drive, a user will get an error message. The message may vary from operating system to operating system, but all error messages will have one common fix. Simply remove the forgotten disk from the hard drive and reattempt your boot. The reason for this is that BIOS can accidentally attempt to boot your computer from incorrect files if such an occurrence as a forgotten disk is present. By removing the interfering disk, such as a floppy or installable application disk in your hard drive, and rebooting the computer after removal of the offending software, BIOS can continue the process without confusion.

No computer can run without BIOS. It is an integral part of unseen system checks that occur when the computer is started. If the system cannot check itself for possible problems and have its commands properly executed by BIOS, then the computer will halt booting executions. Based on this, and the knowledge that BIOS is generally flash based (although it can be ROM based), if your computer refuses to start, you may want to have your BIOS chips examined by a professional.

Tips and Tricks to optimize notebook battery usage

Some facts are often found on notebook batteries for notebook users Many people think that plugging the charger when using notebook with installed battery condition is good, because there notebook protection circuit that automatically decide when battery power is full. But it was not like that, this is the reason.

1. The main enemy of lithium batteries is overcharge. Although the notebooks now have intelligent circuit that stops charging when the battery is full, but when the battery is reduced again (because he used) will automatically back up to full charge again, and will be repeated. The problem is, in fact after a full he will not immediately end, but still had few seconds until minutes before the circuits actually work to decide the flow of charging. At the time this happens overcharge, if this happens repeatedly assured battery will drop quickly

2. The second enemy is the life cycle of lithium. Lithium batteries have a certain life cycle where each time a charge capacity will be less and less. We charge an automatic circuit breaker working (short-circuit because it is full charge, then automatically refilled when the battery is not full), Charge the battery from 99% to 100% was considered tantamount to fill from 1% to 100% or 20% to 80%, so intelligent charging circuit here instead become a boomerang, because it will reduce the remaining life cycle of the battery.

3. When the battery charged and in use at the same time, the heat released will be greater because there are two conditions of energy processes. Heat generated can hardly seemed to feel depending on the type dekali notebooks, and we know overheating is one of the main enemy of electronic devices. Use notebook with battery and charger installed simultaneously and continuously, confirmed 1 / 2 years the battery capacity you will be able to drop the remaining live 1 / 2 its just the initial capacity. And not until the year your battery can only hold power 5-10 minutes before the notebook out. Indeed lithium batteries. Although not in use, every year its capacity will drop by itself about 25% of initial capacity when he made (normally do this kind), but there are so cara2 durable notebook battery discharged 2 even 4 years old, with a record capacity must be reduced, but still reliable.

How to use the right notebook battery.
1. How to compromise: Charge the battery up to 95% of (not necessarily 100%), use up the battery going down 5-10% depending on the type of notebook, there is a notebook that 15% had wanted to die (the big notebook and thirst for power) is also a 5% still good (netbook). New plug charger while in use anymore. Remember when you want the full (95% of) off charge it again.
2. The way a little trouble: Just like above, only when the notebook will be in charge, notebook standby / power off / not used, fitted’ve lights green / full off the charger. Here intelligent circuit are usually working right, so it does not happen disconnect and recurring charge (because he used) which causes a decrease in battery life.
3. How to repot. Turn off the notebook, sampe charge the green light signal, off the charger, remove the battery and store in a bag. Pake notebooks via UPS’ll be safe. Travel longer fit the new battery installed. This method can not be used for the type of notebook battery built in (example: Macbook unibody).

What A Server Cabinet Is Used For

All Network Administrator will be familiar with server cabinets, the purpose of a server cabinet is to ensure the servers are kept cool, stored in way that it is accessible for installations and maintenance, and help to reduce noise output.

Think of like a bunch of servers all stacked up onto each other, then enclosed in a state of the art server cabinet. These can be seen in many businesses, security offices and computer companies in a separate room or server cupboard. Server cabinets are typically available in a standard 600mm to 800mm width, and 900mm to 1000mm depth. They can also be available with a secure locking system, so the servers will be secure from theft and vandalism.

The cabinets can come in a variety of shapes and sizes, so you are able to fit the desired amount of servers in one cabinet. Co-Location server cabinets allow users to share between each other, further allowing good management of the cabling for maintenance and commissioning. The servers can be accessed through a doorway access from the front or the rear of the cabinet. These can also come open top, sliding side panel, mesh or glass front door and mountable profiles.

Most good quality and strong cabinets can be typically found in large data centres (purposely built for holding masses amount of data onto different servers), in which some cabinets are now able to cool the systems down without having a dire impact on the environment. Traditional cooling methods use a fan, which uses up a lot of energy. Newer methods involve a liquid cooling method as opposed to a fan. Using air conditioning tends to use up more energy in year than any other energy consumption devices.

Using a cabinet liquid cooling device is much more expensive than using air conditioning and fans, however, they are far more effective and beneficial than traditional methods for reducing carbon footprint emissions. Another way of being energy efficient in server rooms and data centres is through good cable management. Stray cables could easily restrict cooling vents and ducts. This reduces energy costs and ensures energy efficiency.

Even though they appear somewhat unessential to certain establishments, they are one of the most important features for many server rooms and centres. They help to keep every server in its place and prevent a disorganised maintenance facility.

Optimizing Your Computer’s Memory Potential

Think about the Internet as a highway and your computer is constantly traveling it. Add to that the trips your computer makes when working with applications that are not internet based, and you can rack up some considerable mileage that can result in computer problems if you don’t tune it up a bit every now and again.

In the dawn of the computer age, the proverbial geek took care of the necessary operations to help maintain a computer. Of course back then, by default, only geeks had computers. They were not household items in those days and only those who understood them better than they understood other humans had them. These geeks tweaked and optimized those early computers in an almost secretive manner-only because there was little contact outside of geek and computer relationship.

However, times have changed. Computers are in almost every home, in schools, and in the workplace. There isn’t a large enough geek population to assign a personal one for each computer to come and optimize yours when it needs a tune up. The need for keeping up with maintenance hasn’t evaporated though, and ignoring your computer’s need for optimization can result in noticeably slower running times or a computer that may refuse to work at all.

Since your computer didn’t come with its own personal geek, let’s learn a little about optimizing your electronic friend. First, start with creating a restore point. There is always the chance that something can go wrong and you could accidentally lose more data than you intend to if you don’t have a backup point. Many computers have this application included just in case you forget to do it. Some computers even create restore points periodically so that you have a way to undo whatever mistake you made even if you had no clue that your action would create a problem.

Create a backup of any documents you don’t want to lose on the same precautionary basis as the restore point serves. It never hurts to have a couple of ways to ensure that you can undo what you did if you need it. You can do this by simply burning the documents onto a storage disk such as a CD or a DVD.

Now, run a defragmentation on your computer. This can take a while if you haven’t done one regularly. It should be an option in the optimization options on your computer. Once it is done, take a click over to your antivirus software. Many of these have tools to help you optimize your computer. I know my antivirus program automatically tunes up my computer once per week. It keeps my system running as well as it did right out of the box.

Finally, delete any documents or programs that you don’t need. Just as keeping trash in your apartment takes up space, so do these documents on your computer’s memory. Don’t forget to empty your recycle bin after you’ve finished as nothing is deleted fully and no memory is freed up until that is done. This just opens up more room for your computer to do its thing.